A bypass capacitor (aka "filter cap") is a small capacitor that dampens electrical noise moving toward an IC. Electrical noise can cause circuit malfunctions. Unless otherwise specified in the data sheet of an IC, a 0.1 µF non-polarized ceramic capacitor usually makes a good bypass capacitor.
- http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/What-is-a-bypass-capacitor.html
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decoupling_capacitor
- https://www.microcontrollertips.com/why-so-many-bypass-capacitors-faq/
- (dead)The Seattle Robotics Society posted an excellent article describing bypass capacitors in more detail.
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